A nuclear radiation detector is a specialized instrument used to detect and measure early nuclear radiation and residual nuclear radiation from nuclear explosions. Nuclear radiation detectors typically consist of detection media, measurement components, display components, and a power source. They are used for nuclear radiation detection during wartime, assessing radiation exposure to the human body, or potential acute radiation injuries in order to take protective measures. Modern equipment for nuclear radiation detection includes gamma ray indicators, gamma ray alarms, gamma dose rate meters (exposure rate meters), beta and gamma radioactive contamination detectors, radiation meters, and dosimeters, among others.

