Spectrophotometer is also called spectrometer, which is a scientific instrument that decomposes complex light into spectral lines. Using spectrophotometry, the spectrophotometer measures the absorbance of the measured substance at a specific wavelength or within a certain wavelength range to perform qualitative and quantitative analysis of the substance. The basic principles of different types of spectrophotometers are similar. They all use a light source that can generate multiple wavelengths, through a series of light splitting devices, to form a light source of a specific wavelength. After the light source passes through the test sample, part of the light source is absorbed. Subsequently, by measuring the absorbance of the sample, it can be converted into the concentration of the sample after calculation. The absorbance of the sample is proportional to the concentration of the sample.
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Nowadays, many automation equipment manufacturers have begun to pay attention to brushless DC motors. They want to use brushless DC motors to replace induction motors, stepper motors, etc., which have many defects such as low efficiency, high noise, and high power consumption. Recently, ATO has also received many inquiries from new and old customers: Do BLDC motors and brushed DC motors both rotate when powered? Actually not. Brushless DC motors must be equipped with corresponding controllers to rotate. This is determined by the structural principle of the brushless dc motor.
The servo motor can make the speed and position control accuracy become very accurate, and can convert the voltage signal into torque and speed to drive the control object. The speed of the servo motor rotor is controlled by the input signal and can react quickly. In automatic control systems, servo motors can be used as actuators. Servo motor has the characteristics of small electromechanical time constant and high linearity, and it can convert the received electrical signal into angular displacement or angular velocity output on the motor shaft. It can be divided into two categories: DC and AC servo motors. Its main feature is that there is no autorotation when the signal voltage is zero, and the speed decreases at a uniform speed with the increase of torque.
A magnetic stirrer also known as magnetic mixer is a kind of laboratory equipment which is mainly used for stirring or heating stirring in low-viscosity liquid or solid-liquid mixing experiments. A rotating magnetic field is generated under the container plate, and the principle of homosexual repulsion and heterosexual attraction is used to push the magnetic stirring rod in the container to rotate rapidly, thereby achieving the purpose of stirring. The plate usually has a heating function to meet more experimental needs.
Nowadays, the extensive application of plate heat exchangers has greatly improved the efficiency of heat exchange mechanisms, no matter in industry or home. The common applications of plate heat exchangers include but are not limited to: boiler system, home hot water, solar heating, biodiesel fuel, enforced hot wind system, radiant heating, snow melting, etc.
The TDS meter is a kind of water quality tester, which is a small handheld device used to indicate the total dissolved solids in a solution (usually water). Since dissolved ionized solids (such as salts and minerals) increase the conductivity of the solution, the TDS meter can measure the conductivity of the solution and estimate the TDS value based on the measured value. It should be noted that TDS meter does not measure pollutants. Although TDS meter is often used as a water quality testing instrument, it does not directly tell you whether the water is healthy. In fact, some healthy minerals in the water, such as potassium, magnesium, calcium, etc., can cause the TDS meter to suddenly rise. Therefore, using TDS meter for water filters with mineralizers may have the opposite effect to your expectations. Your water may also contain heavy metals such as lead, or other pollutants such as pesticides, drugs, and hexavalent chromium. TDS meter cannot detect these pollutants.
The application of brazed plate heat exchangers in the refrigeration industry is very common. The brazed plate heat exchanger is an efficient and compact heat exchange equipment. In the 1880s, it was successfully developed as a continuous low-temperature sterilizer, and it began to be used in the food industry in the 1920s. Due to the uniqueness of the brazed plate heat exchanger in manufacturing and use, it is widely used in petroleum, chemical, light industry, electric power, metallurgy, machinery, energy and other industrial fields, thus becoming a very competitive variety in the heat exchanger family. In addition, brazed plate heat exchangers are also used in the refrigeration field. Let’s talk about its application and development below.
Servo motor is also called execution motor. Its working principle is similar to that of a two-phase asynchronous motor. However, because it is used as an actuator in a CNC machine tool to convert an AC signal into an angular displacement or angular velocity on the shaft, the speed of the rotor speed is required to reflect the phase of the control signal. It does not rotate when there is no control signal.
Since the two windings on the stator are spaced apart by an electrical angle of 90°, if a symmetrical voltage with the same amplitude and a phase difference of 90° electrical angle is applied to the two-phase windings, a circular shape will be generated in the air gap of the motor. Rotating magnetic field. If the amplitude of the two voltages is not equal or the phase is not 90° electrical angle, the generated magnetic field will be an elliptical rotating magnetic field. If the signal applied to the control winding is different, the ellipticity of the generated magnetic field is also different.
Hipot tester, also called dielectric strength tester, is used to carry out the test of applying a specified AC or DC high voltage between the live part and the non-live part of the electric appliance to check the hipot of the insulating material of the electric appliance. In long-term work, electrical appliances must not only bear the effect of rated working voltage, but also bear the effect of overvoltage that is higher than the rated working voltage for a short time during operation(The overvoltage value may be several times higher than the rated working voltage value). Under the action of these voltages, the internal structure of electrical insulating materials will change. When the overvoltage intensity reaches a certain value, it will cause the insulation breakdown of the material. The electrical appliances will not operate normally, and the operator may get an electric shock, endangering personal safety. The main electrical safety test indicators include AC/DC hipot, insulation resistance, leakage current, ground resistance, etc. AC/DC hipot tester is used to test the electrical safety performance of the product under actual working conditions, so it is one of the important instruments for testing the electrical safety performance of the equipment.
The digital clamp meter is a meter used to measure the current of the running electrical circuit. With this instrument, the current can be measured under uninterrupted power conditions. It can be used to measure AC and DC voltage, AC current, resistance, capacitance, diode forward voltage drop, circuit continuity, frequency and duty cycle. The greatest convenience of measuring AC current is that only one wire to be measured is placed in the intersection. Moreover, the measured AC current frequency range can be as wide as 1 kHz. The display of ATO clamp meter is equipped with background light, which is convenient for working under the condition of low light.
After buying an ultrasonic cleaner, you should first read the instructions of the ultrasonic cleaner carefully. The instruction for use is included in the packaging box of ATO ultrasonic cleaner. Please keep the manual properly in case you need it in the future. The following will tell you about how to use the ultrasonic cleaner for your reference.
The industrial endoscope is a new high-tech product designed and produced according to the inspection requirements of the inner surface of the pipeline in the petrochemical industry, industrial machinery, electronic and electrical industry, aerospace, etc. It integrates optical, mechanical, electrical, and image processing software. The industrial endoscope is equipped with a high-resolution color monitor or USB port. It is more convenient to carry, and the observation image is clearer. The operator can use the high-resolution color CCD to freeze, enlarge, analyze, measure and print the report of the observed suspects and flaw detection parts with the help of a unique professional software processing system, thereby greatly improving the accuracy of judging the flaw detection parts on the inner wall of the pipeline.
Simply put, LCR meter measures the characteristic parameters of separate components, such as resistance value, capacitance value, etc. It generally needs to be tested independently after power failure. Multimeter is a multifunctional measuring instrument. It can test separate components, electrical signal characteristics, and has some other measurement functions.
LCR meter is a special measuring tool used to measure the characteristic parameters of electrical components. L refers to inductance, C refers to capacitance, and R refers to resistance. In addition, the LCR meter cannot be used to measure other parameters. Moreover, the inductance, resistance or capacitance must be measured when the circuit is powered off. Because it is a dedicated instrument, the measurement accuracy is high.
Industrial water chiller is a kind of water cooling equipment that can provide constant temperature, constant current and constant pressure. The principle of the chiller is to inject a certain amount of water into the internal water tank of the machine, and the water is cooled by the refrigeration system. Afterwards, the water pump inside the chiller injects cryogenically frozen water into the equipment that needs to be cooled. The chilled water takes away the heat inside the machine and returns the high-temperature hot water to the water tank for cooling. In this way, the circulation exchange cooling can achieve the function of cooling the equipment.
When the same stepper motor works with different drive schemes, the torque-frequency characteristics are also very different.
When the stepper motor is working, the pulse signal will be added to each phase winding in turn in a certain order (the ring distributor in the stepper motor driver controls the way the winding is energized and de-energized).
Unlike other motors, the nominal rated voltage and rated current of a stepper motor are only reference values. Because the stepper motor is powered by pulse, the power supply voltage is its highest voltage, not the average voltage. Therefore, the stepper motor can work beyond its rated value range. However, when choosing, it should not deviate too far from the rated value.
The stepper motor does not accumulate errors: The accuracy of the general stepper motor is 3%-5% of the actual step angle, and it cannot be accumulated.
The brushless DC motor is a device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. By consuming electrical energy, mechanical energy can be obtained to achieve certain needs. What are the applications of BLDC motors? Brushless DC motors can be used in the small home appliance industry. The most common electric fan is to use brushless DC motors to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy to turn the electric fan, bringing us coolness. In addition, lawn mowers in the garden industry and electric drills in the power tool industry all work with brushless motors.
Brushless dc motor
The brushless DC motor is composed of a motor body and a brushless motor driver. It is a typical mechatronics product. Because the brushless DC motor runs in a self-control mode, it will not add a start winding to the rotor like a synchronous motor started under heavy load under variable frequency speed regulation, nor will it cause oscillation and loss of step when the load changes suddenly. The permanent magnets of small and medium-capacity brushless DC motors now mostly use high magnetic energy level rare earth neodymium iron boron (Nd-Fe-B) materials.
Stepper motor
A stepper motor is a motor that converts electrical pulse signals into corresponding angular or linear displacements. Every time a pulse signal is input, the rotor rotates an angle or moves forward. The output angular displacement or linear displacement is proportional to the number of input pulses, and the speed is proportional to the pulse frequency. Therefore, the stepper motor can be called the pulse motor.
LCR meter is a special measuring instrument used to measure the characteristic parameters of electrical components. L is inductance, C is capacitance, and R is resistance. The LCR meter is a dedicated meter with high measurement accuracy. As a precision instrument, if the operation is not standardized, it is easy to damage the instrument and affect the accuracy of the measurement result. This article will summarize the common failures and precautions in the use of LCR meters to avoid failures, helping users to use the LCR meter correctly.
Working Principle of BLDC Motor
The BLDC motor is mainly composed of the motor body, position sensor, electronic commutation circuit and driver. The motor body is similar in structure to a permanent magnet synchronous motor, but it has neither cage windings nor other starting devices. The stator windings are generally made into multiple phases (three-phase, four-phase, five-phase and so on). The rotor is composed of permanent magnet steel according to a certain number of pole pairs (2p=2, 4...). In a brushless DC motor, the armature winding is arranged on the stator, and the permanent magnet poles are arranged on the rotor. The position of the armature winding of each phase of the stator relative to the magnetic field of the permanent magnet of the rotor is sensed by the rotor position sensor electronically or electromagnetically. Moreover, it uses its output signal to drive the corresponding power switch transistor connected with the armature winding through an electronic conversion circuit according to a certain logic program, and commutate the current switch to the corresponding armature winding. With the rotation of the rotor, the rotor position sensor continuously sends out signals, causing the armature winding to be continuously energized in sequence, and the energization state is constantly changed. As a result, the direction of the current flowing in the coil conductor under a certain magnetic pole is always the same, and the rotor keeps running.
Clamp meter is the abbreviation of clamp ammeter. It is a portable measuring instrument that can directly measure the AC current of the circuit without disconnecting the circuit. It is called a clamp ammeter because of its shape with a movable opening in the shape of a clamp. Common clamp meters do not have the ability to measure AC and DC voltages of 1kV or above. It is recommended not to measure parameters higher than this voltage to avoid personal electric shock.
